Anisotropy Reduction in Additive Microstructure
The metallurgical optimization of process parameters and post-treatments to homogenize mechanical properties in horizontal and vertical growth directions.
When welding, the cooling often creates a structure whose properties are direction-dependent – that's called anisotropy. That's unfavorable because the weld is then differently strong or tough in different directions and therefore cracks or distorts more easily. You want the structure to be as uniform and fine-grained as possible. You achieve this mainly through heat management: If the weld cools too quickly, it becomes hard and brittle. If you slow down the cooling, for example by preheating or controlled post-heating, you get a more homogeneous and tougher structure. Make sure that the heat goes evenly into the part and that you don't weld too much at once. Then the weld remains calm and you avoid cracks and unnecessary stresses.