Component Distortion from Residual Stresses
Component distortion due to residual stresses occurs when there is a high temperature difference during the pressing process, leading to shape changes and requiring CAD compensation.
Physico-chemical mechanism of action
During the pressure process, thermal gradients and plastic strains arise. These cause stresses within the component that cannot even out uniformly. The stresses lead to microscopic deformations that become visible as distortion throughout the component.
Metallurgical relevance & risks in welding
Uncontrolled component distortion can lead to shape errors and geometric deviations. This impairs the functionality and appearance of the component, but can also cause mechanical joining problems, especially in complex structures. The stresses can also cause cracks or damage to the material if they are too high.
Workshop practice & action instructions
To minimize component distortion due to residual stresses, the thermal gradients during the pressure process must be controlled. This can be achieved through optimized heating and cooling strategies. Additionally, careful CAD compensation is essential to account for potential distortion in the final product. For complex components, additional inspections and measures for stress distribution should be initiated.