Macroscopic Residual Stresses

First-order residual stresses are mechanical stresses in metals that arise from uneven plastic deformation or cooling. They cause local strains and can lead to cracking.

Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Action

First-order residual stresses arise when metal is unevenly plastically deformed or cools unevenly. This leads to local strain states and stress zones.

Metallurgical Relevance & Risks in Welding

These stresses can lead to cracks in the weld or the surrounding area, especially if not relieved. They increase the risk of hot cracking and can reduce the strength of the material.

Workshop Practice & Action Guidelines

To minimize first-order residual stresses, the metal should be uniformly plastically deformed. In welding, it's important to ensure controlled cooling and to relieve any stress zones via mechanical stress relief or heat treatment (tempering).

MetallurgieSchweißtechnik