Reduction of Area
Reduction of area is the percentage loss of cross-section of a tensile specimen at the fracture location. It shows the effects of pores, defects, and irregularities on mechanical strength.
Physical-Chemical Mechanism
Reduction of area occurs due to deformation and destruction of the metal at the fracture location. Pores, defects, and irregularities in the material lead to local stress concentrations that further deform the material and ultimately cause fracture.
Metallurgical Relevance & Welding Risks
High reduction of area indicates poor weld quality. It can lead to cracks, fracture, and reduced mechanical strength. Pores and irregularities in the material are major causes of higher reduction of area.
Workshop Practice & Instructions
To minimize reduction of area, ensure a clean molten pool and a correct welding procedure. Use high-quality materials and ensure even cooling of the weld. A reduction of area above 20% is critical and indicates problems in the manufacturing or welding procedure.