Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Welding
Electron beam welding at atmospheric pressure is done without vacuum by passing the electron beam through pressure stages into the air. This allows lower investment and better access to hard-to-reach workshops.
Physicochemical mechanism of action
The atmospheric pressure electron beam welding process uses an electron beam generated by a coil. The beam is passed through differential pressure stages into the air and fired at the workpiece. The heat of the electron beam causes deformation and fusion of the metal.
Metallurgical relevance & risks in welding
The atmospheric pressure variant has lower energy efficiency than the classic vacuum process, leading to a slower heating rate. This can result in a more uneven structure and possibly increased stress at the weld ends. Additionally, there is a risk of oxidation because the metal is exposed to air during the process.
Workshop practice & action instructions
Use an electron beam welder with atmospheric pressure setup. Ensure the pressure stages are correctly set and the metal is clean before welding. The heating rate should be lower than in the vacuum process to ensure uniform deformation. Allow sufficient cooling time after welding to avoid oxidation.