Electron Beam Welding in Vacuum
A high-vacuum welding process where focused kinetic electron energy is converted directly into thermal energy. It is characterized by maximum energy density, minimal distortion, and high penetration depth.
In electron beam welding, a finely focused electron beam is directed at the joint in a vacuum. The impact energy of the electrons is directly converted into heat, melting the material very deeply and narrowly – resulting in narrow welds with minimal distortion. You must work absolutely clean, because even the slightest impurities or oxides lead to porosity or a poor weld. The vacuum is mandatory; without the residual air in the work chamber, you won't burn in a controlled manner but get an unstable arc. Make sure to focus the beam cleanly on the joint edge and slowly increase the power. If the material melts too quickly, the molten pool will run away or spatter – so better test with low power first, then adjust the speed.