Parent Metal
The base material is the metallic material to be joined, whose properties determine the welding method. Its alloying elements influence the microstructure and strength of the weld.
Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Action
The base material is the metal that is directly used in the welding process. Its chemical composition (such as carbon, silicon, nickel) and its metallurgical structure (such as grain size, phase ratios) determine how the steel behaves during welding.
Metallurgical Relevance & Welding Risks
The choice of base material affects the strength, toughness, and hardness of the weld. Incorrect alloying elements can cause fusion problems or uneven stresses, leading to cracking. Too high a carbon content can lead to the formation of martensite, which increases hardness but reduces toughness.
Workshop Practice & Instructions
When selecting the base material, consider the specific requirements of the component. Use steels with higher carbon content for hard applications, but ensure sufficient toughness. Avoid high carbon content for soft applications to prevent cracking and fusion problems.