Vickers Hardness Test
The Vickers hardness test measures metal hardness by indenting with a diamond pyramid under load. Hardness is calculated from the test force and the area of the pyramid indentation.
Physical-Chemical Working Principle
The Vickers hardness test measures metal hardness by indenting with a four-sided diamond pyramid under a defined load. The load is given in newtons (N) or kilograms-force (kgf), and the area of the pyramid indentation is measured in square millimeters (mm²).
Metallurgical Relevance & Welding Risks
The Vickers hardness test is especially useful for metals with complex structures or high hardness levels. Incorrect measurement can lead to misguided decisions, as hardness strongly depends on indentation depth and test force. Too much force can damage the material, while too little force yields inaccurate results.
Workshop Practice & Instructions
For an accurate Vickers hardness test:
• Use a defined test force of 1 kgf or 50 N.
• Indent the pyramid in the center of the specimen.
• Measure the diagonal of the pyramid indentation precisely.
• Calculate hardness (HV) with the formula: HV = Test force / Area.