Interstitial solid solution
Interstitial solutions contain small atoms or molecules like carbon, nitrogen, or hydrogen in interstitial sites of the metal lattice. This increases strength and hardness, but can also lead to restrictions in deformability.
Physico-Chemical Mechanism of Action
In a metal lattice, there are interstitial sites where smaller atoms or molecules like carbon, nitrogen, or hydrogen can insert themselves. This intercalation changes the crystal structure and affects the mechanical properties of the material.
Metallurgical Relevance & Risks in Welding
Interstitial solutions increase the strength and hardness of a steel, which improves its toughness. However, they can also lead to restrictions in deformability and alter the structure. Improper handling during welding can lead to cracks or uneven stresses in the material.
Workshop Practice & Action Guidelines
To utilize the positive properties of interstitial solutions, it is important to perform the welding process under controlled conditions. This includes correct temperature control and careful cooling. For steels with high carbon content (over 0.7%), it is especially important that cooling is slow and controlled to avoid cracking.