Carbide Former
Carbide formers are alloying elements with a high affinity for carbon that form stable hard phases and prevent grain growth during thermal cycles.
Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Action
Carbide formers react with carbon in the metal to form stable carbides. These compounds are very hard and stable, preventing grain growth during welding processes.
Metallurgical Relevance & Welding Risks
The use of carbide formers can increase the strength and hardness of the material. However, they can also cause problems if the carbon content is too high or if the material is not processed correctly. Too high carbon content can lead to fusion failure or high stress states.
Workshop Practice & Action Instructions
When welding alloys with carbide formers, it is important to ensure the correct temperature and time for cooling. Too rapid cooling can lead to glass-hard martensite, while too slow cooling can result in grain coarsening and loss of toughness. Recommended cooling times vary by material, but generally should be between 5 and 25 seconds.