Macroscopic Residual Stresses of the First Kind
Macro residual stresses of the first kind are non-uniform plastic deformations that lead to macroscopic dimensional changes. They arise during manufacturing and can cause cracks when mechanically separated.
Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Action
Macro residual stresses of the first kind arise from non-uniform plastic deformation of metal. These deformations can occur during manufacturing, such as welding or forming, and lead to stress zones within the material.
Metallurgical Relevance & Welding Risks
These stresses can cause macroscopic length changes or even cracks during mechanical separation, such as splitting a component. They are especially dangerous if not properly balanced.
Workshop Practice & Instructions
To minimize macro residual stresses of the first kind, it is important to distribute deformation evenly and, if needed, compensate stress zones through forming or welding. For complex components, special methods like stress relaxation should be applied.