Macroscopic Examination
Macroscopic examination looks at the visual structure of a ground and etched weld cross-section at low magnification. It shows penetration, layer build-up, and macro defects.
Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Action
Macroscopic examination involves the optical analysis of a ground and etched weld cross-section at low magnification (e.g., x5 to x20). It lets you see the visual build-up of the weld, including penetration, layer structure, and macro defects.
Metallurgical Relevance & Welding Risks
Macroscopic examination is key for spotting visual flaws like cracks, porosity, unevenness, or poor layer build-up. These flaws can reduce the mechanical properties and shorten the weld's service life.
Shop Practice & How-To
For macroscopic examination, look at a ground and etched weld cross-section under low magnification. Use high resolution (e.g., x5 to x20) to get all the details sharp. Do the check systematically, paying attention to these points:
• Penetration: Check the size and shape of the penetration to make sure it's not too big or uneven.
• Layer structure: Analyze the layer build-up to ensure there are no missing or excessive phases.
• Macro defects: Look for cracks, porosity, unevenness, and other visual flaws. These should be visible in the first pass, and you can confirm them with higher magnification or specialized methods (e.g., microscopy) if needed.