Groove angle
The included angle between the flanks of the workpieces to be joined, which ensures sufficient access for the torch or electrodes. Too large an angle can cause undercut, while too small an angle can make full penetration difficult.
Physicochemical mechanism of action
The groove angle affects the access of the torch or electrode to the weld. A large angle increases efficiency because more material can be burnt off sharply. A smaller angle can lead to incomplete penetration and cause edge notches.
Metallurgical relevance & risks when welding
A too large groove angle (e.g., over 60°) can lead to edge notches that impair the structure and increase the hardness of the weld. A too small angle (below 30°) can result in incomplete penetration, leading to joint defects and weak spots.
Workshop practice & instructions
For most steel grades, the groove angle should be between 45° and 60°. For delicate joints or materials with low weldability, a smaller angle (30°-45°) may be appropriate. Make sure the angle is consistent and the parts are well aligned to ensure clean penetration.