Phase Transformation Residual Stress
Phase transformation residual stress arises from volume-changing transformations like austenite to martensite during cooling. It leads to local stresses and can cause cracking.
Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Action
As steel cools, its microstructure often changes. For example, austenite transforms into martensite, causing a significant volume change. This change creates local stresses in the material.
Metallurgical Relevance & Welding Risks
These residual stresses can cause cracks and fractures, especially if they are too high or not properly balanced. They affect the mechanical properties of the weld and can lead to failure.
Workshop Practice & Action Instructions
To minimize transformation-induced residual stresses, ensure controlled cooling. Use suitable welding processes and materials that allow low stress buildup. For heavy steels or high mechanical loads, special treatments like normalizing or tempering are required.