Transverse crack
A transverse crack is a crack that runs across the welding direction and is caused by high residual stresses. It can extend through the heat-affected zone and destroy the material.
Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Action
A transverse crack forms when high stresses occur in a metal workpiece and are not evenly distributed. These stresses can arise from mechanical loading or uneven weld distortion. If these stresses are too high, they can overcome the material and cause a crack transverse to the welding direction.
Metallurgical Relevance & Risks in Welding
Transverse cracks can significantly impair the strength and mechanical stability of a weld joint. They can lead to further cracks if the material is under stress or not properly cooled. A transverse crack can also propagate into the heat-affected zone and compromise the weld.
Workshop Practice & Action Instructions
To avoid transverse cracks, it is important that the metal workpiece is properly set up before welding. This means it is not overstressed or unevenly distorted. During welding, temperature and pressure should be controlled to avoid uneven stresses. After welding, careful cooling is required to ensure no high stress remains in the material.