Transverse Weld Metal Crack
A crack that runs across the welding direction and is caused by high shrinkage stresses and a brittle microstructure.
Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Action
Transverse cracks form when the weld metal shrinks strongly during cooling. Brittle microstructural constituents such as martensite or austenite cannot compensate for these stresses and crack under the pressure.
Metallurgical Relevance & Risks in Welding
Transverse cracks lead to low mechanical strength of the weld. They can cause fractures or destruction of the component, especially under load. The service life and reliability of the weld are severely impaired.
Workshop Practice & Instructions
To avoid transverse cracks:
• Use suitable protective coatings or insulating material to prevent rapid cooling of the weld.
• Keep shrinkage stresses under control through controlled cooling and the right microstructure selection.
• Use more stable microstructural constituents such as ferrite or bainite in critical applications.