Forging and upsetting test
The forging and upsetting test compress cylindrical specimens axially to test their formability and cracking tendency. It simulates forging conditions in the lab.
Physicochemical Mechanism of Action
Cylindrical metal specimens are axially compressed under pressure, testing their microstructural properties and mechanical formability. This process indicates how well the material can be deformed at high temperatures and whether it develops cracks.
Metallurgical Relevance & Risks in Welding
The test helps in selecting suitable materials for forging work. If pressure or temperature is too high, specimens may crack, impairing formability. A faulty test can lead to incorrect material selection and result in inadequate mechanical properties in the final part.
Shop Practice & Action Guidelines
For the forge and upsetting test, specimens with a fixed diameter and a specific length are selected. Pressure is increased continuously while temperature is monitored. The maximum deformation or the occurrence of cracks is noted. A typical pressure range is 50 to 100 MPa, and the temperature should be near the material's melting point. If there are issues with formability or cracks, other materials or process parameters should be checked.