Edge angularity
The slope of the cut surface is the deviation of the cut edge wall from the ideal perpendicular to the workpiece surface. It arises from the energy distribution during the welding process and affects the quality of the overall welded construction.
Physical-Chemical Effect Mechanism
The bevel of the cut face results because the energy is not distributed evenly across the full material thickness during welding. The upper parts of the workpiece receive more energy and heat up faster than the lower parts. This causes the cut edge wall to deform, deviating from the ideal perpendicular to the workpiece surface.
Metallurgical Relevance & Welding Risks
A pronounced bevel can cause several issues. It can impair the strength and toughness of the weld, as the material is unevenly deformed. Additionally, it can lead to porosity and hot cracking, especially if the material is under stress. An excessive bevel can also prevent the weld from fitting properly and may cause it to separate under temperature or load.
Workshop Practice & Action Guidelines
To achieve a minimal bevel on the cut face, it is important to carefully control the welding process. This includes correctly setting the welding machine, choosing the right filler material, and applying heat precisely to the workpiece. It's also crucial to keep the workpiece stable during welding to minimize distortion. For complex welding jobs, it can help to smooth or polish the cut edges before welding to ensure even energy distribution.