Weld distortion
Weld distortion results from uneven thermal expansion and contraction of the part during welding. This leads to geometric shape changes.
Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Action
The differing expansion and contraction of metal parts under temperature influence causes stresses that manifest as deformation movements. During welding, the workpiece heats locally, leading to uneven expansion. After melting and cooling, the metal contracts again, resulting in deformation.
Metallurgical Relevance & Risks in Welding
Weld distortion can lead to geometric deformation of the component, which can result in functional damage or mechanical cracks. It increases stress in the seam and can affect the structure, leading to uneven strength.
Workshop Practice & Instructions
To minimize weld distortion, careful preparation of the component is required. This includes uniform heating and cooling as well as the use of stress limiters or compensation methods. For complex components, special welding processes such as gas welding or laser welding should be used to ensure better control over thermal expansion and contraction.