Welding distortion
Welding distortion is the non-uniform plastic deformation of a component during the welding process, resulting in changes in shape and dimensions.
Physical-Chemical Mechanism of Action
During welding, a temperature gradient develops in the workpiece. Areas at higher temperature expand, while cooler areas expand less or not at all. This leads to uneven expansion and deformation.
Metallurgical Relevance & Risks in Welding
Welding distortion can cause stress in the workpiece, which can lead to cracks or buckling. Moreover, it can alter the precise shape and dimensions of the part, which is particularly problematic for precision-fabricated components.
Workshop Practice & Action Instructions
To minimize welding distortion, it is important to ensure uniform heat transfer in the workpiece. This can be achieved by selecting the right welding process and correct parameters (temperature, time). For complex components, using deformation supports or pre-treatment of the workpiece can also be helpful.