Flat position
Flat position is a welding position where welding is done horizontally from above. It allows optimal weld pool control and highest welding speed.
Physicochemical mechanism of action
The gravity position leads to horizontal welding from top to bottom. This allows for a uniform weld pool formation and control of the melting processes.
Metallurgical relevance & risks during welding
In the gravity position, the weld pool can be well controlled, which leads to high welding speed. However, there is a risk of porosity if the weld pool is not optimally controlled. Uneven cooling can also lead to crack-sensitive microstructures.
Workshop practice & instructions
Use a high welding speed for the gravity position and ensure that the weld pool is evenly distributed. Cool the weld slowly to avoid porosity and prevent crack-sensitive microstructures. Recommended cooling times vary by steel type, but generally should be between 10 and 20 seconds.