Materials Science (Macro- & Micro-Level)
From atomic lattice structure through ferrous materials to metallurgical microstructural changes.
The Foundation of Metallurgy
Materials science links the macroscopic properties of steels and non-ferrous metals to physical processes at the atomic level. Here you'll learn how crystal lattices, alloying elements, and heat treatments directly affect the structure — and therefore safety and load capacity in welding operations.
Brand Steel Calculator
Trade name unknown? Enter application + alloy analysis — find the standard material behind it and the matching welding recommendation.
Iron & Steels
Structural steels, stainless steels, quenched and tempered steels, tool steels, and cast irons in detail.
Non-ferrous Metals
Aluminum, copper, titanium, and special materials like nickel-based alloys for extreme requirements.
Metallurgy & Structure
Crystal lattices, the iron-carbon diagram, heat treatments, and the microstructure of the weld bead.
Physical & Chemical Basics
Alloying elements, types of corrosion, atomic bonds, and lattice defects at the micro level.
Heat Treatment
Hardening, quenching and tempering, tempering, annealing, and case hardening — how you control microstructure and properties with heat.
Corrosion & Protection
Pitting, stress corrosion cracking, passivation, and PREN — why materials corrode and how to protect them.
Material Testing & QA
Tensile test, impact test, hardness testing, and ultrasonic — destructive and non-destructive testing of material and weld.